Does meibomian gland dysfunction have similar symptoms as cataracts that it doesn't let light properly through your eyes?

Unlikely: that isn't the case, Meibomian glands are in the inner part of the lid , enlargement, usually due to untreated infection, may cause deformity of the cornea by external pressure, which may cause visual disturbance, however this is rare. Treatment is easy, see your opthalmologist for proper management, good luck

Totally different: At your age, cataracts should not be an issue. It is an insider the eye problem affecting mostly the vision in the elderly and correctable with surgery. MGD is a problem with the lid margins causing inflammation of the lids, and stagnation of the secretions from the Meibomian glands which lubricate the lid. It does not affect the vision and is treated topically/ not by surgery.