Can a venous clot in the lower leg cause a throbbing like feeling?

Yes: Please get evaluated right away if you are suspecting blood clot

Throbbing sensation: Throbbing sensation in the leg is indicative of a problem in it's structural component as muscles, tendon, bone and nerves. Injury to the leg, varicose vein, sciatica and circulation problem (which include deep venous thrombosis ) are common causes of throbbing like pain in lower limbs.

Varicose veins: Throbbing is a very frequent symptom of varicose veins due to venous reflux