Why are pediatric surgeons in such high demand? what do they do?

Almost Everything: Pediatric general surgeons do a surgery residency (5-7 years), followed by a Pediatric Surgery Fellowship (3-4 years). They do many types of surgeries. Easier to summarize what they don't do: orthopedic, urogenital, cardiac, ENT, ophthalmological, and neurological. Most other things intraabdominal, thoracic, and extremities can be done by pediatric general surgeons.