When are the tests in pregnancy that look for disabilities?

Depends on type: Some genetic conditions that are associated with disabilities can be detected by studies of the fetal blood or amniotic fluid, obtained by amniocentesis. Others might be suspected based on ultrasound imaging of the fetus. In addition, an examination of the newborn by a medical geneticist can provide further information. But often there's no test that can predict type or extent of later disability.