What does someone typically get a second carpal tunnel release surgery?

It can come back: It is unusual but carpal tunnel syndrome can come back after surgery.

Recurrent Disease: Second surgery may be needed for recurrent disease or if the first surgery was not successful.

It depends!: If you are talking about the same hand for a second time then true recurrences tend to occur 10-20 years after the original surgery and are quite rare. Failure of the first op is commoner and may need revision surgery quite soon. If you are talking about the other hand then CTS is bilateral in at least 70% of patients and operations on the other side are very common