What does lithium do?

Not known: Lithium's precise activity in bipolar disorder isn't fully known. It may stabilize catecholamine receptors, alter calcium-mediated intercellular processes, and increase GABA activity. Some feel lithium may act by calming down brain inflammation. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100521191440.htm long term, it can affect thyroid, kidney, & neuro function, & electrolyte balance.

Lithium: Lithium is a mood stabilizer for bipolar disorder with one of the highest efficacy rates upto 70 & and also decreases incidence of self harm. Its postulated that lithium blocks the sodium gated channels of the brain cells which release glutamate that excites the brain and is believed to contribute in bipolar and seizure and then it effectively enhances GABA which calms the brain down and helps.