What is the difference between thinking and reasoning and how do you measure the proficiency of each in adolescents?

Subset: Thinking is a broad concept in which internal & external stimuli are analyzed in a conscious fashion in a way capable of responding to them. Reasoning is a subvariety of thinking which utilizes mental rules (hopefully but not always) logical, to consider relationships and how to effect them. Standardized psychological tests are available to measure thought & logic in adolescents, children or adult.

Nice question: Reasoning is the (hopefully) appropriate application of assessment and synthesis in solution of an environmental problem, resulting from an analytic thought process that utilizes at the minimum past experience and logic. Thinking is merely the thought process.