How do health care professionals deal with patients that have aids or hiv? do they have to wear thicker gloves?

Same as for non HIV : Patients with aids or hiv+ are treated the same by doctors as any other patient. We use universal precautions with all patients, so all blood is considered "possibly infected", whether its a newborn or a patient in a nursing home. For normal patient visits there is no need to wear gloves because you cannot "catch" HIV unless it gets in your bloodstream, which doesn't happen in an office setting.