Is there a rough visual acuity test that anyone can perform without the eye chart?

Try this: Use courier new font and print out some letters at size 12. Hold these about 5 feet away and test them one eye at a time. This is approximately 20/20 vision if you can read them.

Yes: Your question specifically address visual acuity which is a measure of the acuteness of vision. If anyone has concerns about their acuity, please visit your optometrist or ophthalmologist. Acuity is best assessed one eye at a time. Roughly an eye should be able read newsprint (or smaller) at the normal reading distance. Now, it's easy to download apps for your phone to test acuity.