If an elderly person has agitated delirium for several hours then can this cause a stroke or any other adverse medical events?

Stroke/Delirium: Usually, the reverse if more common. A stroke can lead to agitation delirium among many other things. Agitated delirium is common in ICU patients. The list of medical conditions you have given may be the cause of the delirium. Delirium should be treated to lower mortality from all causes.

Unlikely: It is unlikely this could cause a stroke, but getting very agitated could cause heart problems, and it is possible they could hurt themselves or someone else during an episode. There are medicines that may help reduce the agitation. Also, it's important to know what is causing the episodes. Do they have dementia? Are they on a new medication.? Acute illnesses can bring this on. See a doctor.