Medical cause for someone in a dream-like extreme dissociative state but no loss of conscious, slowed brain, no sense of time, confabulations, amnesia?

Neurologic/Psycholog: It is necessary to determine the root of your symptoms. A visit to a neurologist is a good place to start. After that a clinical psychologist could be the correct professional. Brain malfunction or psychological trauma may be the cause(s). Peace and good health.

Some neuro points: Although the issues in the end may represent psychiatric dysfunction, would definitely rule out epileptic seizures, such as complex partial seizures, and give some thought to a complex migraine syndrome called "dysphrenia hemicrania transitoria". So, see a neurologist and a psychiatrist and get this diagnosed and treated.