Please help! what is the etiology of bladder cancer?

Many: Occupational exposures (metal, rubber, leather, textile, concrete, and electrical workers as well as painters, miners, and certain manufacturing jobs) account for 20% of cases. Less commonly, exposure to radiation or the chemo agent Cyclophosphamide can lead to urothelial cancer. By far (50%) the main risk factor is smoking. Yet another lovely gift from the tobacco companies. Please don't smoke!