Question 1

can you tell me how are b-cells and antibodies presented with antigen?

Accepted Answer

Form hybridoma: When an antigen is given to an animal, B cells in serum produce a polyvalent antibody prep. When antigen is given to an animal and spleen cells (B) are fused with malignant B cells, a hybrid clone is formed producing monoclonal antibodies to the specific protein antigen.

Question 2

rehsus blood red cell antibodies, what are these?

Accepted Answer

Useful in pregnancy: Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited protein found on the  red blood cells.If your blood has it, you're Rh positive. If your blood lacks it, you're Rh negative. Rh positive is the most common blood type. Having an Rh negative blood type is not a problem but It becomes important if the mother who is Rh negative develop Rh antibodies, from an Rh+ fetus; as these can  cross placenta and cause problems.

Question 3

what's the difference on antibodies/antigens on the exterior of the cell vs the interior while testing and worried about the sensitivity/accuracy?

Accepted Answer

Need specifics: on which tests and which antigens an antibodies.

Question 4

does the dna/rna store antigen/antibody information? or is this only on the outside of the cell (exterior)?

Accepted Answer

Great Question!: This is a big topic in the immunology field!  Antigens tend to be stored in the DNA, but Antibodies are the product of many interactions between DNA, RNA and Proteins that we don't fully undestand.  If you are realy intrested in this topic, start your studies in Molecular Biology and go from there!!

Question 5

is it possible an immune system attack can occur with specific cells, without causing antibodies and with out causing inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Unanswerable: Boy, i would surely like to have you re-ask this question so that we can help you with your specific concerns. This question is so broad it would take a textbook length reply.  But, in general the immune system does something and is easily measured by immune cells and antibodies and inflammation and the like.  Please be specific about your particular concern.

Question 6

for the pathologists, when testing for antibodies, if there is a perinuclear staining of some cells of a human pituitary, what could this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Confirmation: Crooke's hyaline change is altered perinuclear cytokeratin (photo). Keratins (cam 5.2, others) in hgh-omas and prolactinomas are usually perinuclear. Nesp55 is new and often perinuclear in adenomas. At present, i don't know of any treatment decisions that will be based solely on either of these immunostaining staining patterns.

Question 7

if you received the two shots of pfizer and after some time lets say a year, does that mean it's like never being vaccinated at all? they say that the antibodies disapear or something, what about these b and t cells that i have been hearing about?

Accepted Answer

: You are correct. After vaccinated, besides anti-spike antibody our body also develops  memory B &amp; T cells which can be mobilized for fighting the virus if you are infected. However, it's not easy to assess these B and T cell activities individually so the drug companies recommend booster when the anti-spike AB goes down. This may or may not be correct and we need more time to have the right answer

Question 8

since antibodies wane over time after covid-19 vaccination will the b-cells produce more antibodies?

Accepted Answer

: Sort of.  B-cells do undergo turnover and over a long time antibody making cells will diminish. To keep up antibodies, booster doses are needed. For example you are expected to take booster dose of tetanus vaccine every 10 years.
Wish you good health!

Question 9

i had covid in dec w/ mild symptoms (no smell or taste)i had an antibody test that showed no antibodies yesterday.can i will get it again? if so will it be mild or will it be worse?i can not receive the vax due to health issues.will t cells remember?

Accepted Answer

: Rapid decline in antibodies (or inability to develop an antibody response in the first place) is of real concern.  It is unknown what the status of your T cells is and therefore unknown how well they may protect you.  I’m not familiar with any “health issues” which is an absolute contraindication to receipt of vaccine.  Would check with an Infectious Diseases doc before you make that decision

Question 10

does your t cells produce more antibodies when antibodies wane from covid-19 vaccination?

Accepted Answer

: T-cells do not make antibodies. B-cells make antibodies and yes they will make more for a variable length of time after stimulation.
For healthy diet: http://www.choosemyplate.gov/., exercise 30 minutes/day, drink enough water daily so your urine is mostly colorless, have safe sex, no tobacco alcohol weed or street drugs. 
Get HPV and Covid vaccines. Wish you good health!

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Doctor answers about:

Inslet Cell Antibody

A member asked:

Can you tell me how are b-cells and antibodies presented with antigen?

A member asked:

Rehsus blood red cell antibodies, what are these?

A member asked:

What's the difference on antibodies/antigens on the exterior of the cell vs the interior while testing and worried about the sensitivity/accuracy?

A member asked:

Does the dna/rna store antigen/antibody information? or is this only on the outside of the cell (exterior)?

A member asked:

Is it possible an immune system attack can occur with specific cells, without causing antibodies and with out causing inflammation?

A member asked:

For the pathologists, when testing for antibodies, if there is a perinuclear staining of some cells of a human pituitary, what could this indicate?

A member asked:

If you received the two shots of pfizer and after some time lets say a year, does that mean it's like never being vaccinated at all? they say that the antibodies disapear or something, what about these b and t cells that i have been hearing about?

A member asked:

Since antibodies wane over time after covid-19 vaccination will the b-cells produce more antibodies?

A member asked:

I had covid in dec w/ mild symptoms (no smell or taste)i had an antibody test that showed no antibodies yesterday.can i will get it again? if so will it be mild or will it be worse?i can not receive the vax due to health issues.will t cells remember?

A member asked:

Does your t cells produce more antibodies when antibodies wane from covid-19 vaccination?

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