Question 1

what systems affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate, volume: Cardiac output is affected by heart rate and the volume of blood pumped out of the heart in each heart beat (stroke volume).  Factors that increase the heart rate (anxiety, fever, walking) increase cardiac output.  Similarly, factors that increase volume of blood that heart pumps with each cycle increase cardiac output.  High level athletes  have very high stroke volume, because of conditioning.

Question 2

what factors can affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output: In strict physiologic terms, cardiac output is determined by something called stroke volume and heart rate. Heart rate is self-explanatory. Stroke volume is the amount of blood that the heart pumps out with each beat. This in turn is dependent on blood pressure, total blood volume, and how strong the heart contracts.

Question 3

can being a prior endurance athlete (but not currently trained) permanently affect cardiac output resulting in high numbers when all else is normal?

Accepted Answer

Athletic Heart: Interesting question!  former athletes have been shown to have more left ventricular hypertrophy or thickened hearts that usually lessens with age and deconditioning.  A thick heart can lead to poor heart filling by increased stiffness.  A condition called diastolic dysfunction.  This can lead to a type of congestive heart failure if it persists.  Controlling hr and BP via meds can help.

Question 4

how does rest affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Lowers it: It temporarily lowers heart rate and cardiac output.

Question 5

how do blood levels affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Levels = volumes?: Blood levels meaning blood volumes? Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart per minute. It is calculated by stroke volume x heart rate. Stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat.

Question 6

how could vasoconstriction affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

It lowers it: Vasoconstriction increases the resistance to flow. This is called an afterload. It is like a pump having to pump water up a steep hill; it won't pump as well as on flat land.

Question 7

how could hypertension affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Two ways: It can cause the heart muscle to get thick and stiff so that it does not relax and fill up with blood properly. It could also cause the heart muscle to become weak so that it does not squeeze or contract as forcefully. These are called diastolic dysfunction (too thick) or systolic dysfunction (weak and flabby).

Question 8

why doesn't tachycardia always affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac output: is stroke volume times heart rate. if stroke volume goes down more than heart rate goes up, cardiac output won't increase. stroke volume depends on preload (filling of the heart), afterload (resistance to flow), and contractility (how much the heart pumps for how much it is filled. For instance, if the heart rate goes up but the the heart doesn't have time to fill, output won't increase.

Question 9

how could hyperthyroidism affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Usually increases it: Cardiac output describes the amount of blood pumped through the heart in 1 minute.  Two effects of high thyroid levels are an increased heart rate (more beats per minute) and an increased stroke volume (more blood per beat). These combine to increase the the cardiac output..  However, at some point, the increased work can cause the heart to fail, and the cardiac output will fall.

Question 10

how does noradrenaline affect cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Contractivity: Because it increases the contractivity of the heart as it is a catecholamine.

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Affect cardiac output

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What systems affect cardiac output?

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What factors can affect cardiac output?

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Can being a prior endurance athlete (but not currently trained) permanently affect cardiac output resulting in high numbers when all else is normal?

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How does rest affect cardiac output?

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How do blood levels affect cardiac output?

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How could vasoconstriction affect cardiac output?

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How could hypertension affect cardiac output?

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Why doesn't tachycardia always affect cardiac output?

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How could hyperthyroidism affect cardiac output?

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How does noradrenaline affect cardiac output?

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