I've heard different things. what exactly is claw toe?

Contracture: Each of the smaller toes in your foot has two joints (or knuckles). They are the proximal interphalangeal joint (this is the one closest the main part of the foot) and the distal interphalangeal joint (closest to the end of the toe). When both of these joints are contracted, you have a claw toe.

See below: The toe has 2 joints the proximal interphalngeal joint and the distal interphalangeal joint. Claw toe is when there is a bending down of the toe at the distal joint.

Several causes: A clawtoe is an abnormal contracture or a bending of the toe joints which results from a muscle or tendon imbalance due to the mechanical and structural changes in the foot that may occur over time. This can be hereditary or due to environmental factors such as tight shoes. This abnormal bending can lead to abnormal pressure distribution resulting in pain, swelling, blistering, and corns.

A contracted toe.: A claw toe is when your toe is bent or flexed at both joints. It may be "fixed" which means you cannot straighten it or it may be flexible. It usually leads to pain at the tip of the toe or top of the "knuckle". Due to excessive pressure a corn or callous may develop causing increased pain. It is often caused by a tendon imbalance. It is often corrected with surgery if it is painful.