For years i have had rare cases of strange, sudden outbursts of extreme, sharp pain in my throat/lymph nodes when swallowing that last ~10 mins. help?

Sore throat: you need evaluation for the usual causes of pharyngitis however if the pain continues and it appears to be unusual in nature then you need to be evaluated for the presence of a foreign body that might be stuck at the back of your throat

Unusual: Perhaps a variant of Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia can cause only a rare pain. GN is a rare condition and would tend to reoccur on a daily basis and then subside for months or years. I don't think esophageal spasm would give isolated throat pain in absence of other swallowing symptoms. You should get an opinion from an ENT specialist to see if he/she can come up with a diagnosis.