What is the disease that is treated by taking out all of the blood and putting it back in?

Exchange transfusion: The most common example of a massive removal and replacement of blood occurs when newborns have a major blood incompatibility. This is done to remove the antibodies against the infant's cells and replace the blood with blood that does not have antibiodies. Similar procedures are some times used for cancer treatment with bone marrow cells, or other blood constituents.