I've been having acute bone pain from my right thumb to my shoulder and can't sleep, what could be causing this?

Nerve pressure: Symptoms could be due to degenerative disease of the neck with pressure on the nerves. Carpal tunnel syndrome would be a remote consideration although symptoms not typical. If any numbness or tingling is present this would be consistent with nerve impingement.

Pain: Any moderate to severe pain impairs sleep. Evaluate the cause for the bone pain and treat it.