What can cause sadomasochism?

Sadomasochism: Also called s&m, is receiving pleasure from acts involving infliction or reception of pain or humiliation. Several theories were put out to explain the cause, such as aberrant psychological development in early childhood (freud), coping with perceived rejection, acting out aggression, to gain sense of control, guilt, to gain sense of safety and protection. Some even argued that consensual act is n.