Are proctologists the same as colorectal surgeons?

Yes: Proctologists originally primarily dealt just with hemorrhoids and this is an outdated form. Colon and rectal surgeons are general surgeons who have chosen to limit their practice to all associated diseases of the colon and rectum.

Colorectal surgeon: Nowadays yes.. The modern day colon and rectal surgeon is boarded in both general surgery and colorectal surgery, but limits his practice to colorectal surgery