One is more specific: Ab implies antibodies, and hep b means antibodies to hepatitis b, which is a virus. There are several components to a virus, suffice it to say that you can have antibodies tested to the viral core or the viral surface of hepatitis b. The latter is often done to show immunity to the virus, so a positive hep b surface antibody means you are immune to the virus.
Answered 4/8/2018
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