What causes tourette syndrome?

Gene mapping in : families with multi-generational GTS shows many mutant genes, alone or in combination, cause GTS. The complex patterns of inheritance & associated neuropsychiatric & neurodevelopmental disorders are on omim.org/entry/137580?search=tourette%20gene&highlight=tourette%20gene.Until whole genome testing is affordable,a Chromosomal Microarray is the blood test most likely to detect GTS mutations.

It is believed the disruption is involving the communication pathways between the cerebral cortex, the striatum, and the thalamus. Dopamine is involved in these pathways, and antipsychotics which block dopamine receptors essentially work with reducing tics. This points toward Dopamine playing a major role in GTS. Other transmitters, to varying degrees, have some evidence supporting involvement