Are stds often linked to some sort of discomfort or pain?

Yes and No: In many cases yes. But in your case, HPV (Humsn Pappiloma Virus) can be present with no symptoms unlike other viruses like herpes. Its important to have rotine PAP smears wich you can discuss with your primary care doctor.

Often but not always: The main STD symptoms are abnormal discharge from vagina or penis; painful urination; various kinds of sores, skin bumps, etc on or near the genital area; and inflamed lymph nodes. Many others as well, like fever, abdominal pain, skin rashes, headaches and more. And all STDs at times are entirely without symptoms, which is why people at risk need periodic testing even if everything seems OK.