What are abnormalities can they find in a ct scan of chest?

Many: The scan can find blood clots (pulmonary embolism), enlarged lymph nodes, fluid between the chest wall the the lung (pleural effusion), lung nodules, fluid between the heart and its enclosing sack (pericardial effusion), sometimes abnormalities of the esophagus (the swallowing tube) and liver and lastly hernias of the diaphragm. This is not all inclusive but covers most of the common abnormalities.

Screening CT's for: Lung cancer are now approved in patients between 55 & 74, smoking history of 30+ pack years. Jama (2012) 307:doi 10.1001. One should order a ct looking for something. False positives lead to expensive and unecessary tests. Screens find 10x more false positives than cancer. Wonderful tools that can be overused and abused.

Lots: The chest mainly contains the lungs , heart and great vessels. Ct can see small tumors, either primary lung cancer or metastatic disease which frequently goes to the lung. It is most commonly used to detect tumors but is also used to quickly diagnose in trauma cases. It's also for evaluating heart and vessels abnormalities. It can diagnose and follow chronic lung diseases.

There are many: Is there something specific you are concerned about? A CT of the chest can tell about problems with the lungs, heart, great vessels, pleural, mediastinum, and upper abdomen.