How are parathyroid disorders treated?

Many: If it's hyperparathyroidism, the best treatment is surgery. Medications and possibly alcohol injection can be used but these are inferior to surgery and only considered when surgery is refused or contraindicated. If it's hypoparathyroidism, the treatment is calcium and vitamin d (both inactive and active) replacement.

Most common: The most common parathyroid disease is primary hyperparathyroidism, in which one or more of the four glands becomes over active leading to high blood calcium. The only cure for this is surgical removal of the parathyroid gland(s).

Surgery: Most patients undergo surgery. Some have vit d correction first in case the PTH is up just for that reason. Patients who are too sick for surgery of with kidney disease are sometimes treated with a PTH antagonist drug cinacalcet.