Depends on type: For adenocarcinoma, the risk factors are mainly acid reflux, leading to barrett's metaplasia, and being male. The risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma include smoking, alcohol, radiation exposure, other head and neck cancers, caustic ingestion, a condition called achalasia, eating foods with nitrates, and conditions called chaga's disease and tylosis.
Answered 12/7/2015
6.2k views
Tobacco: Tobacco smoking, chewing, scalding food, barret's oesophagus, chemical burns to include some.
Answered 12/10/2012
5.4k views
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