Cerebrovascular disease is the same as brain damage?

No not necessarily: Cerebrovascular disease means there is disease or damage in the blood vessels that feed the brain. You can have this before you sustain any brain damage. You are at risk for brain damage, though, if you have diagnosed cerebrovascular disease. If there is brain damage that is not large enough to see on a scan, you might get a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

Blood vessel disease: Cerebrovascular disease means damage to the blood vessels of the brain, causing a decrease in blood flow to areas of the brain or blockage of blood flow. If blood flow gets too low or the vessel is block, a stroke occurs. It is the same mechanism as cardiovascular disease.