Help docs! i'm trying to find out what causes hammer toe/claw toe?

Few reasons: But a simple explanation is when the flexor tendons become stronger than the extensor tendons.

Hammertoe: In a nutshell it is a muscle imbalance , but there is certainly a lot more . See your podiatrist for an evaluation and complete picture.

A contracted toe: A hammertoe is an contracture or a bending of the toe joint which results from a muscle or tendon imbalance due to the mechanical or structural changes in the foot. This can be hereditary or due to environmental factors such as tight shoes. This bending can lead to abnormal pressure distribution resulting in pain, swelling, blistering, and corns. Treatment can be conservative or surgical.