Help please! could coughing damage your lungs?

Depends on reason.: Why do you have the cough? That's the question. So the cough may be due to an illness that can damage the lungs. Also if cough severe enough this may cause sense of shortness of breath and vomiting to a severe condition of a collapsed lung. Need to determine the cause of the cough. Typical cough may be an indication of an other illness. Follow up with your md.