How will placental abruption affect my health going forward?

By itself...: ...It probably will not, but if you needed transfusion because of it, or any significant surgical intervention, there may be problems because of that.

Not much: As long as you are not a smoker, have a chronic respiratory illness such as asthma there usually is not an issue with subsequent pregnancies. In the non-pregnant state, no impact on your future health as long as the abruption was properly treated.