Why is quartine set for 10 days for dogs who are being tested for rabies does that mean humans can wait that long for a shot if the dog has it?

Rabies: Any mammal can get rabies. Cats, cattle, and dogs are the most frequently reported rabid domestic animals in the United States. You should seek medical evaluation for any animal bite. One important factor in deciding if you should have postexposure prophylaxis will be if the animal can be held and observed. https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html

Safety/reason: You would expect a rabid dog to be deadly ill or dead in 3-4 days after biting in a symptomatic state. That said, the fastest answer would involve sacrificing the dog & overnighting its brain to the state lab for immediate review. Injections should start immediately unless there is a low chance of rabies. This is indicated by watching the dog for symptoms of rabies or other illness.