What can cause skin peeling at the bottom of my big toe?

Fungus : Or dry skin would be my thoughts. Try and an antifungal cream available at the drugstore.

A few things,: It can be due to excessive dryness of the skin, fungal infection, irritation, or recent infection or inflammation of the big toe. A podiatrist can help sort out these issues, especially if it is persistent or symptoms of pain, burning, and/or itching is present.