Can you still be anemic while on iron supplements?

Yes.: Assuming that this is iron deficiency, a failure of the anemia to respond to iron can be related to a few things. 1) another cause for anemia, 2) ongoing bleeding (gi bleeding, period bleeding, etc), 3) not taking enough iron for a long enough time. It takes a while to correct the iron deficiency. This should be followed closely by your health care provider.