Can frequent masturbation cause puberty to occur?

Unlikely: I am not aware of any scientific data to support.

No!: Many children masturbate. It's a normal part of their development and doesn't cause puberty.

Other way round: "masturbation" occurs develomentally around 5 yo. Then usually stops within a year or two. But this is different from the masturbation that occurs as consequence of puberty, sexuality and desire to climax. So puberty comes before masturbation.