Any household products or otc medicines that can cure aphthous ulcer (oral ulcer) effectively and quickly?

Aphthous ulcer: There is no cure for aphthous ulcers (canker sores, but a product called kanka can give some relief from the discomfort.

Yes, Listerine: Listerine purple bottle 30 second rinses 2-3x/day help it heal faster. If you use the mouthrinse when it first develops, it will keep it small and possibly not develop into a larger size. It goes away much faster than the usual 2 weeks long time frame of pain.

Ointments: There are several prescription ointments for canker sores that sooth and heal. There is also an ointment called kenalog (triamcinolone) in orabase that acts like an oral bandage to soothe and protect. You should consult your dentist. No real cure for most people. Mostly preventative and protection.