Can anxiety cause a sharp pain in the jaw?

Yes: Having anxiety often results in clenching you teeth which can result in jaw pain either in the TMJ joint - the spot at the top for your jaw or with sore teeth radiating into the jaw. But definitely it can cause the pain

Stress causes pain: Jaw pain can be associated with anxiety especially if you clench or grind your teeth. It can also be a sign of cardiovascular problems and should be checked by a physician.