Many causes: If the pneumothorax creates a lot of pressure/air buildup in the chest, it can compress the veins draining into the heart and cause the heart to stop beating. This is called Tension Pneumothorax, and it is a medical emergency. If not promptly treated, it can cause death. As far as causes, it can be out of nowhere (called spontaneous), or as a complication of a procedure like a central line.
Answered 5/21/2017
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