Can complications of gastrointestinal fistula, lead to surgical-induced short gut?

Yes: Fistulas are abnormal connections between parts of the body. Fistulas are essentially abnormal short-cuts through your intestines. Your intestines are long by design so that you can absorb all the nutrients. With the fistula "short-cuts" the digesting food passes through without getting optimally absorbed. In severe cases this causes a functional short gut.

Yes: If the fistula is internal and happens after abdominal surgery, it can lead to bypass of part of the intestine and therefore lead to short gut